3D Urbanomics

This book combines regional and urban economics, to form 3D Urbanomics. This book first introduces Hotelling’s spatial competition theory, and refutes some fallacious suspicion that sellers do not move to city center, to lay the good foundation for urban studies. Existing urban economics does not explain rent, population or building density gradient. The introduction of Hotelling’s space variable helps derive all gradient functions correctly. This book also refutes Ricardo’s rent theory, and analyses several urban nightmares, like traffic jam, pollution and crime.